Physical Punishment

This measure consists of 10 questions that assess the harshness of the physical discipline as well as how consistent the parent is in administering it, her or his explanations of the reasons that the child is being punished, the timing of the punishment in relation to the timing of the misdeed, the perceived fairness of the punishment, and the perceived deservedness of the punishment.

• Rohner, R. P., & Khaleque, A. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook for the study of parental acceptance and rejection. Storrs, CT: Rohner Research Publications.
• Rohner, R. P., Ripoll-Nunez, K. J., Moodie, N. A., & Ruan, C. (2005). Physical punishment questionnaire (PPQ): Adult, parent, and youth versions: Test manual. In R. P. Rohner & A. Khaleque (Eds.), Handbook for the study of parental acceptance and rejection (pp. 251-317). Storrs, CT: Rohner Research Publications.

• Alampay, L. P., Godwin, J., Lansford, J. E., Bombi, A. S., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Zelli, A., Al-Hassan, S. M., & Bacchini, D. (2017). Severity and justness do not moderate the relation between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes: A multicultural longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(4), 491-502. DOI: 10.1177/0165025417697852.
  

• Bombi, A. S., Di Norcia, A., Di Giunta, L., Pastorelli, C., & Lansford, J. E. (2015). Parenting practices and child misbehavior: A mixed method study of Italian mothers and children. Parenting: Science and Practice, 15, 207–228.