Description:
The parent-report version includes items regarding the frequency (1 = never, 5 = almost every day) with which parents use 18 particular discipline behaviors (e.g., spanking, shaming, taking away privileges). Questions regarding how frequently other parents use each discipline strategy (rated on a 5-point scale ranging from “never” to “almost every day”) were added to assess cultural normativeness of the behaviors. Parents are also asked to rate how much they approve of each discipline strategy and how effective each strategy would be in getting a child to behave in the future.
In the child-report version of this measure, children are asked about their own parents’ and other parents’ use of 18 different types of discipline on a measure comparable to the adult version but worded for children, with separate responses about each parent.
Reference(s)
Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., & Sorbring, E. (2005). Cultural differences in the effects of physical punishment. In M. Rutter & M. Tienda (Eds.), Ethnicity and causal mechanisms (pp. 204-226). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Huang, L., Malone, P. S., Lansford, J. E., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunnta, L., , Bombi, A. S., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Dodge, K. A., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Zelli, A., Alampay, L., Al-Hassan, S. M., & Bacchini, D. (2012). Measurement invariance of mother reports of discipline in different cultural contexts. Family Science, 2, 212-219.
Lansford, J. E., Chang, L., Dodge, K. A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Palmérus, K., Bacchini, D., Pastorelli, C., Bombi, A. S., Zelli, A., Tapanya, S., Chaudhary, N., Deater-Deckard, K., Manke, B., & Quinn, N. (2005). Cultural normativeness as a moderator of the link between physical discipline and children’s adjustment: A comparison of China, India, Italy, Kenya, Philippines, and Thailand. Child Development, 76, 1234-1246
Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics Scale. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75-88.
Publication(s)
Deater-Deckard, K., Godwin, J., Lansford, J. E., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Steinberg, L., Tapanya, S., Alampay, L. P., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Zelli, A., & Al-Hassan, S. M. (2018). Within- and between-person and group variance in behavior and beliefs in cross-cultural longitudinal data. Journal of Adolescence, 62, 207-217.
Di Giunta, L., Pastorelli, C., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Bombi, A. S., Miranda, M. C., Bacchini, D., & Lansford, J. E. (2012). The association between parenting practices and parental warmth in a sample of Italian families. In K. J. Ripoll Núñez, A. L. Comunian, & C. M. Brown (Eds.), Expanding horizons: Current research on interpersonal acceptance (pp. 231-246). Boca Raton, FL: BrownWalker Press.
Hong, Y., Deater-Deckard, K., Steinberg, L., Bornstein, M. H., Dodge, K. A., Lansford, J. E., & Skinner, A. T. (2025). Do child and household regulation moderate the bidirectional relation between harsh parenting and externalizing problems in the transition to adolescence? Development and Psychopathology.
Kapetanovic, S., Zietz, S., Lansford, J. E., Bacchini, D., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Gurdal, S., Junla, D., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Steinberg, L., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Yotanyamaneewong, S., Alampay, L. P., & Al-Hassan, S. M. (2023). Parenting, adolescent sensation seeking, and subsequent substance use: Moderation by adolescent temperament. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52, 1235–1254.
Lansford, J. E., Alampay, L., Al-Hassan, S., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunnta, L., Dodge, K. A., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Runyan, D. K., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Zelli, A. (2010). Corporal punishment of children in nine countries as a function of child gender and parent gender. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2010, 1-12.
Pastorelli, C., Lansford, J. E., Luengo Kanacri, B. P., Malone, P. S., Di Giunta, L., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., Zelli, A., Miranda, M. C., Bornstein, M. H., Tapanya, S., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Alampay, L. P., Al-Hassan, S. M., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Oburu, P., Skinner, A. T. and Sorbring, E. (2016). Positive parenting and children’s prosocial behavior in eight countries. Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(7), 824-834.
Schenck-Fontaine, A., Lansford, J. E., Skinner, A. T., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Sorbring, E., Steinberg, L., Malone, P. S., Tapanya, S., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Alampay, L. P., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Bornstein, M. H., & Chang, L. (2020). Associations between perceived material deprivation, parents’ discipline practices, and children’s behavior problems: An international perspective. Child development, 91(1), 307-326.